Before starting repairs which do not require battery power: Turn off ignition switch. Disconnect the negative battery terminal. To prevent serious burns: Avoid contact with hot metal parts.
Do not remove the radiator cap when the engine is hot. Before servicing the vehicle: Protect fenders, upholstery and carpeting with appropriate covers. Take caution that keys, buckles or buttons do not scratch paint. Clean all disassembled parts in the designated liquid or solvent prior to inspection or assembly. Replace oil seals, gaskets, packings, O-rings, locking washers, cotter pins, self-locking nuts, etc.
Replace inner and outer races of tapered roller bearings and needle bearings as a set. Arrange the disassembled parts in accordance with their assembled locations and sequence. Do not touch the terminals of electrical components which use microcomputers such as ECMs.
Static electricity may damage internal electronic components. After disconnecting vacuum or air hoses, attach a tag to indicate the proper connection.
Use only the fluids and lubricants specified in this manual. Use approved bonding agent, sealants or their equivalents when required. Use tools and recommended special tools where specified for safe and efficient service repairs. When repairing the fuel, oil, water, vacuum or exhaust systems, check all affected lines for leaks. Dispose of drained oil or the solvent used for cleaning parts in an appropriate manner.
Do not attempt to top off the fuel tank after the fuel pump nozzle shuts off automatically. Continued refueling may cause fuel overflow, resulting in fuel spray and possibly a fire.
Disconnect negative battery terminal. Otherwise, there may be damage to ECM. Before disconnecting pressurized fuel line from fuel pump to injectors, be sure to release fuel pressure. Be careful not to jar components such as ECM and mass air flow sensor.
If a large amount of unburned fuel flows into the catalyst, the catalyst temperature will be excessively high. If the seal is missing, the waterproof performance may not meet specifications. The rubber seal may come off when connectors are disconnected. Whenever connectors are reconnected, make sure the rubber seal is properly installed on either side of male or female connector.
The wire seal must be installed on the wire insertion area of a waterproof connector. Be sure that the seal is installed properly. Check for unlocked terminals by pulling wire at the end of connector. An unlocked terminal may create intermittent signals in the circuit. The following are key pieces of information required to make a good analysis: WHAT. Service History and if any After Market Accessories have been installed. Operate the system, road test if necessary. Verify the parameter of the incident.
Identify where to begin diagnosis based upon your knowledge of the system operation and the customer comments. Inspect the system for mechanical binding, loose connectors or wiring damage. Determine which circuits and components are involved and diagnose using the Power Supply Routing and Harness Layouts.
Operate the system in all modes. Verify the system works properly under all conditions. Make sure you have not inadvertently created a new incident during your diagnosis or repair steps.
Sometimes the symptom is not present when the vehicle is brought in for service. If possible, re-create the conditions present at the time of the incident. Doing so may help avoid a No Trouble Found Diagnosis.
It is important for simulating the conditions of the problem. In such a case, you will want to check for a vibration related condition. Refer to the illustration below. Gently shake each connector and harness while monitoring the system for the incident you are trying to duplicate.
This test may indicate a loose or poor electrical connection. Hint Connectors can be exposed to moisture. It is possible to get a thin film of corrosion on the connector terminals.
A visual inspection may not reveal this without disconnecting the connector. If the problem occurs intermittently, perhaps the problem is caused by corrosion. It is a good idea to disconnect, inspect and clean the terminals on related connectors in the system. This test may indicate a loose or poorly mounted sensor or relay.
Engine Compartment There are several reasons a vehicle or engine vibration could cause an electrical complaint.
Some of the things to check for are: I Connectors not fully seated. I Wiring harness not long enough and is being stressed due to engine vibrations or rocking. I Wires laying across brackets or moving components. I Loose, dirty or corroded ground wires.
I Wires routed too close to hot components. To inspect components under the hood, start by verifying the integrity of ground connections. First check that the system is properly grounded. Then check for loose connection by gently shaking the wiring or components as previously explained. Using the wiring diagrams inspect the wiring for continuity. Behind The Instrument Panel An improperly routed or improperly clamped harness can become pinched during accessory installation.
Vehicle vibration can aggravate a harness which is routed along a bracket or near a screw. Under Seating Areas An unclamped or loose harness can cause wiring to be pinched by seat components such as slide guides during vehicle vibration.
If the wiring runs under seating areas, inspect wire routing for possible damage or pinching. In such cases you will want to check for a heat sensitive condition. To determine if an electrical component is heat sensitive, heat the component with a heat gun or equivalent. If incident occurs while heating the unit, either replace or properly insulate the component.
The customer may indicate the incident goes away after the car warms up winter time. There are two methods to check for this. The first is to arrange for the owner to leave his car overnight. Make sure it will get cold enough to demonstrate his complaint. Leave the car parked outside overnight. In the morning, do a quick and thorough diagnosis of those electrical components which could be affected.
The second method is to put the suspect component into a freezer long enough for any water to freeze. Reinstall the part into the car and check for the reoccurrence of the incident. If it occurs, repair or replace the component. In such cases the incident could be caused by water intrusion on an electrical part.
This can be simulated by soaking the car or running it through a car wash. Do not spray water directly on any electrical components. The incident may be electrical load sensitive. On some occasions an electrical incident may occur only when the car is started cold.
Or it may occur when the car is restarted hot shortly after being turned off. In these cases you may have to keep the car overnight to make a proper diagnosis. In general, testing electrical circuits is an easy task if it is approached in a logical and organized method.
Before beginning it is important to have all available information on the system to be tested. Also, get a thorough understanding of system operation.
Then you will be able to use the appropriate equipment and follow the correct test procedure. You may have to simulate vehicle vibrations while testing electrical components. Gently shake the wiring harness or electrical component to do this. When a circuit contacts another circuit and causes the normal resistance to change. When a circuit contacts a ground source and grounds the circuit. Before you begin to diagnose and test the system, you should rough sketch a schematic of the system.
This will help you to logically walk through the diagnosis process. Drawing the sketch will also reinforce your working knowledge of the system.
Continuity Check Method The continuity check is used to find an open in the circuit. The Digital Multimeter DMM set on the resistance function will indicate an open circuit as over limit no beep tone or no ohms symbol. Make sure to always start with the DMM at the highest resistance level. To help in understanding the diagnosis of open circuits please refer to the schematic above. At the fuse block in this example 3 Connect one probe of the DMM to the fuse block terminal on the load side.
Little or no resistance will indicate that portion of the circuit has good continuity. If there were an open in the circuit, the DMM would indicate an over limit or infinite resistance condition. Voltage Check Method To help in understanding the diagnosis of open circuits please refer to the previous schematic.
In any powered circuit, an open can be found by methodically checking the system for the presence of voltage. This is done by switching the DMM to the voltage function. Any powered circuit can be diagnosed using the approach in the above example. Resistance Check Method 1 Disconnect the battery negative cable and remove the blown fuse. Connect the other probe to a known-good ground. Put probes at the load side of fuse terminal and a known-good ground. Then, check for continuity. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website.
We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent.
You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Necessary Necessary. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly.
This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information.
All pages are printable. All in a pdf and software from various kinds of brand cars and motorcycles. All major topics are covered complete step-by-step instruction, diagrams, illustration, and specifications to repair and troubleshoot.
With this manual on hand, you will have confident to do a repairing and services with your own.